What is a Cervical Cancer?The neck of the womb (cervix) is the lower part of the uterus (womb) (diagram). Cancer appears in the cervix that could potentially curable if detected at an early stage so that early detection is the key to improving survival. Most cervical cancer (Cervical) derived from the type called squamous cell carcinoma.
How common is cervical cancer?
Cancer of the cervix (cervical) is the 7th most common cancer in women in Singapore. Approximately 200 cases are diagnosed each year.
Age potential
Pre-invasive cancer is common in women in the age 20 to 30 years. This is referred to as the NIS (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). It is a change in the lining of the cervix that can lead to cervical cancer. With time, these precancerous lesions can progress and become invasive cancer if left untreated.
Risks and Causes
Infeksi Virus Human Papilloma (HPV) adalah penyebab paling umum atau faktor risiko untuk kanker serviks. Virus ini ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, maupun seks oral atau anal. Setiap perempuan yang aktif secara seksual beresiko potensial.
Other risk factors include:
Abnormal bleeding from the vagina or even abnormal vaginal discharge indicating a need for immediate medical examination. Abnormal bleeding include bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between menstrual periods. The symptoms that occur when the cancer is advanced, including lower back pain, pelvic pain, weight loss and swollen feet.
Diagnostic tests
Cervical cancer screening with Pap smears should begin as soon as a woman becomes sexually active. This should be done every 1-3 years depending on the age and number of abnormal PAP smear. During this examination, scraping cells from the surface of the cervix obtained during a vaginal examination. This test is fast, simple, and painless.
If an abnormal pap smear, a diagnostic procedure called colposcopy (examination of the cervix with a microscope) is done. Certain chemicals given to the cervix to help find abnormal areas. Abnormal areas are then biopsied and examined under a microscope by a pathologist (a doctor who examined the tissues under a microscope).
If cervical cancer is confirmed by biopsy, other tests will be scheduled. These include radiological tests such as a chest X-ray and CT scan or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis to exclude the area or distance spread of cancer. Pelvic examination under anesthesia is often scheduled to determine the range of cancers.
Cancer Treatment Cervical Pre-invasive and invasive
For pre-invasive disease, treatment is removal of the abnormal lining of the cervix (cervical) with local excision procedures or ablative procedures. Local excision techniques including cone biopsy with a knife or laser or excision procedure electrosurgikal loop (LEEP). Ablative techniques include cold laser vaporization or coagulation. Technical options should be discussed with the attending physician. However, successful treatment of precancerous cervical almost certainly prevent cervical cancer occur.
For Rahim neck cancer (cervical) early invasive, healing can be achieved either by surgery (ie hysterectomy removal of the uterus, and surrounding tissues including the lymph nodes) or radiotherapy, which are often given with chemotherapy.
For advanced disease where surgery is not possible, the combined chemo-radiotherapy or radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy is often given in 2 ways. One is with external beam radiotherapy and the other is an internal beam. External beam radiotherapy is done every day during weekdays and may take approximately 5-6 weeks to complete. Internal beam radiotherapy given within 2 to 5 sessions.
Prognosis of cervical cancer
The prognosis for early stage cervical cancer is very good with a 5-year survival ranges from 80 to 95%. However, for advanced cervical cancer, 5-year survival decreases to less than 40%.
More about → Serviks Cancer
How common is cervical cancer?
Cancer of the cervix (cervical) is the 7th most common cancer in women in Singapore. Approximately 200 cases are diagnosed each year.
Age potential
Pre-invasive cancer is common in women in the age 20 to 30 years. This is referred to as the NIS (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). It is a change in the lining of the cervix that can lead to cervical cancer. With time, these precancerous lesions can progress and become invasive cancer if left untreated.
Risks and Causes
Infeksi Virus Human Papilloma (HPV) adalah penyebab paling umum atau faktor risiko untuk kanker serviks. Virus ini ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, maupun seks oral atau anal. Setiap perempuan yang aktif secara seksual beresiko potensial.
Other risk factors include:
- Attack of sexual activity before age 20
- Multiple sexual partners
- History of sexually transmitted infections
- Sexual partners of men with a history of sexually transmitted infections and or sexual activity outside marriage
- Sexual partners of men with sexual couples who experience cervical cancer was previously designated as a potential risk
- Smoking is a contributing factor associated with an increased incidence of cervical cancer.
Abnormal bleeding from the vagina or even abnormal vaginal discharge indicating a need for immediate medical examination. Abnormal bleeding include bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between menstrual periods. The symptoms that occur when the cancer is advanced, including lower back pain, pelvic pain, weight loss and swollen feet.
Diagnostic tests
Cervical cancer screening with Pap smears should begin as soon as a woman becomes sexually active. This should be done every 1-3 years depending on the age and number of abnormal PAP smear. During this examination, scraping cells from the surface of the cervix obtained during a vaginal examination. This test is fast, simple, and painless.
If an abnormal pap smear, a diagnostic procedure called colposcopy (examination of the cervix with a microscope) is done. Certain chemicals given to the cervix to help find abnormal areas. Abnormal areas are then biopsied and examined under a microscope by a pathologist (a doctor who examined the tissues under a microscope).
If cervical cancer is confirmed by biopsy, other tests will be scheduled. These include radiological tests such as a chest X-ray and CT scan or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis to exclude the area or distance spread of cancer. Pelvic examination under anesthesia is often scheduled to determine the range of cancers.
Cancer Treatment Cervical Pre-invasive and invasive
For pre-invasive disease, treatment is removal of the abnormal lining of the cervix (cervical) with local excision procedures or ablative procedures. Local excision techniques including cone biopsy with a knife or laser or excision procedure electrosurgikal loop (LEEP). Ablative techniques include cold laser vaporization or coagulation. Technical options should be discussed with the attending physician. However, successful treatment of precancerous cervical almost certainly prevent cervical cancer occur.
For Rahim neck cancer (cervical) early invasive, healing can be achieved either by surgery (ie hysterectomy removal of the uterus, and surrounding tissues including the lymph nodes) or radiotherapy, which are often given with chemotherapy.
For advanced disease where surgery is not possible, the combined chemo-radiotherapy or radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy is often given in 2 ways. One is with external beam radiotherapy and the other is an internal beam. External beam radiotherapy is done every day during weekdays and may take approximately 5-6 weeks to complete. Internal beam radiotherapy given within 2 to 5 sessions.
Prognosis of cervical cancer
The prognosis for early stage cervical cancer is very good with a 5-year survival ranges from 80 to 95%. However, for advanced cervical cancer, 5-year survival decreases to less than 40%.
